HETEROSEXISM, HOMOSEXUAL HEALTH, AND THE CHURCH
Charles R. Peterson, M.D. and Douglas A. Hedlund, M.D.

END NOTES

1. P. B. Jung and R. F. Smith, Heterosexism: An Ethical Challenge [Albany: State University of New York Press, 1993], pp. 13, 14.
2. The words “restrictive” and “affirming” are terms chosen primarily to make it easy to designate the two views of homosexuality in two eras as represented in this critique. Restrictive refers to how both science and theology viewed homosexuality fifty years ago and affirming refers to the newer understanding in both science and theology. Neither these nor any other single designation are ideal but their implications can be understood as carrying meanings found in the following parallel but opposing designations: old vs. new; pathological vs. normal variant; traditional vs. reformed; unique sinners vs. ordinary sinners; priestly vs. prophetic; law vs. gospel.
3. There is no “ELCA restrictive science of homosexuality” in the sense of the church adopting a certain non-theological scientific view of homosexuality or sponsoring scientific studies of homosexuality or endorsing some scientific treatment of homosexuals. The term “science” as used here is a shorthand manner of indicating how a segment within the ELCA engages the non-theological facts and concepts about homosexuality from the scientific medical disciplines and relates them to their theological view of homosexuality.
4. R. A. J. Gagnon, The Bible and Homosexual Practice [Nashville: Abingdon Press, 2001], p. 476.
5. Ibid., p. 479.
6. Ibid., p. 414.
7. Ibid., pp. 178, 412, 452-460, 476, 480-81.
8. Ibid., pp. 272, 387. It should be noted that The Book of Concord affirms the same principle of marriage as a deterrent to promiscuity: The Book of Concord, R. Kolb and T. Wengert, eds. [Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2000), p. 219.13.
9. Ibid., p. 178
10. Ibid., p. 476.
11. Ibid., p. 481.
12. T. Stein, Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, Kaplan and Sadock, eds., 7th Edition [2000], p. 1624. (Note: A comprehensive textbook statement is more of a consensus statement than individual journal articles.)
13. M. Strommen, in Christian Sexuality: Normative and Pastoral Principles, R. Saltzman, ed. [Minneapolis, Kirk House, 2003], p. 100.
14. Textbook of Homosexuality and Mental Health, Cabaj and T. Stein, eds. [American Psychiatric Press, 1996], pp. 887,
15. R. Friedman and R. Downey, “Homosexuality,” The New England Journal of Medicine (1994) 331:928.
16. D. Balch, Text of lecture, “The Sacraments and Romans 1:26-27,” provided at 2004 Wordalone conference and on Wordalone.org. It should be noted that although Wordalone members voted to take a negative position on the upcoming proposals before the ELCA and Dr. Harrisville and Dr. Strommen participated in the conference, we do not regard Wordalone as heterosexist. This is because unlike the ALPB 2002 conference, the journal Lutheran Forum, and the Solid Rock Lutherans’ stance, the Wordalone conference had substantive speakers on the affirmative side of the issue, for which they deserve to be commended.
17. Jung and Smith, op. cit., pp. 184-185. See also “The only Way Out” in the appendix.
18. Gagnon, op. cit., pp. 452-460.
19. Ibid., pp. 478, 491.
20. Ibid., pp. 452-460, 471-476.
21. “Homosexuality & Health”, “Responding to the Gay Lobby.” Solid Rock Lutherans, Inc., 6/15/2004, (www.sldrck.org), clarified by personal communication).
22. M. Frisch, G. Glimelius, et al, “Sexually transmitted infection as a cause of anal cancer.” New England Journal of Medicine, 337: 1350-1358, 1997.
23. C. Pikeltty, T. Darragh, et al, “High Prevalence of human papillomavirus infection and anal cancer precursors among HIV infected persons in the absence of anal intercourse.” Annals of Internal Medicine. 138: 453-459. 2003. (Many other related references listed in bibliographies of notes 9 and 10 and web listings of other articles are cited as referencing these studies.)
24. Gagnon, op. cit., p. 496. (Index listing of footnote references to Paul Cameron.)
25. M. Strommen, The Church and Homosexuality: Searching for a Middle Ground [Minneapolis: Kirk House, 2001], p. 44.
26. Gagnon, op. cit., pp. 401, 402.
27. M. Strommen, The Church and Homosexuality: Searching for a Middle Ground [Minneapolis: Kirk House, 2001], pp. 25-32. Psychoanalytic references on pages 55-58.
28. D. Haldeman, “Gay Rights, Patient Rights: The Implications of Sexual Orientation Conversion Therapy,” Professional Psychology: Research and Practice. Vol. 33 (2002), pp. 260-261. Haldeman’s review article cites Davison in Homosexuality: Research Issues For Public Policy, Weinrich and Gonsiorek, eds. [Newbury Park, CA, 1991], pp. 137-148, and in “Guidelines for Psychotherapy With Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Clients,” American Psychologist, 55 (2000), pp. 1440-1451. Davison’s original report on his work is in the Journal of Consulting.
29. Shidlo and Schroeder, “Changing Sexual Orientation,” Professional Psychology: Research and Clinical Psychology, Vol. 44, No. 2 (1976), pp. 157-162.
30. R. L. Spitzer, “Can Some Gays and Lesbians Change Their Sexual Orientation?” Archives of Sexual Behavior, 32: 403-417, 2003.
31. J. Lefsrud, “Sentimentality or Scripture?” Lutheran Forum. 38: no. 2 (Summer 2004), pp. 21-23.
32. Gagnon, op. cit., pp. 428-429.
33. M. Strommen, op. cit., p. 58 (Nicolosi) and p. 55 (claims of 20,000 former homosexuals).
34. The Book of Concord, op. cit., pp. 63, 66, 219, 248, 249, 251, 256, 286, 324, and 415. Nothing was said about these negative references to the doctrine of celibacy by two Lutheran Reformation theologians: Professor James Nestingen in his essay Christian Sexuality and Prof. Walter Sundberg at the April 2004 Wordalone conference. The same was true of the systematic theologians, Prof. Marc Kolden and Dr. Roy Harrisville III. Avoiding this relevant reference on a relevant issue seems curious.
35. Gagnon, op. cit., p. 345.
36. Ibid., Note references cited from Throckmorton and Yarhouse in Index to references, pp. 500, 501. (Yarhouse and Throckmorton have co-authored journal articles.)
37. Ibid., pp. 56-71.
38. Ibid., pp. 49, 413, 424.
39. Ibid., pp. 269, 290, 291, 300, 392.
40. Ibid., pp. 71-100.
41. Ibid., pp. 77, 78.
42. W. Wink, Homosexuality and Christian Faith [Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1999], pp. 33, 34.
43. Gagnon, op. cit., pp. 111-146.
44. Ibid., p. 127.
45. Ibid., pp. 118, 120, 311, 317, 325.
46. R. Saltzman, A Different Gospel. Forum Letter (ALPB), 31, No. 2, Feb. 2002.
47. Gagnon, op. cit., pp. 229-303.
48. Ibid., pp. 62, 79, 90, 183, 230, 271, 282, 283, 343, 346,347, 395, 435, 440, 449, 460, 469. By sheer numbers these statements at the least contradict a statement suggesting a homosexual state of being is not a sin but that the activity is primarily (but not only?) what the Bible is condemning (p. 462). As the Saltzman editorial demonstrated, the practical effect is often to sound condemnation of all homosexual persons.
49. Ibid., pp. 45-56, 159-183.
50. Ibid., pp 303-336.
51. Ibid., pp. 342, 428.
52. Ibid., p.331.
53. Ibid., p. 442
54. Ibid., pp. 70, 78, 109.
55. Ibid., pp. 185-228.
56. Ibid., pp. 87, 90.
57. Textbook of Homosexuality and Mental Health, Cabaj and T. Stein, eds. [American Psychiatric Press, 1996], p. 712. (Section authored by B. R. S. Rosser and E. Coleman.)
58. Gagnon, op. cit., pp. 187, 197, 210, 221.
59. Ibid., pp. 311, 317, 325, 331, 337, 339, 345, note 3.
60. Ibid., pp. 341-493.
61. Ibid., pp. 37-38.
62. Ibid., pp. 78, 109.
63. Ibid., pp. 43-339.
64. Ibid., pp. 395-408.
65. Ibid., p. 422.
66. M. Strommen,The Church and Homosexuality: Searching for a Middle Ground, op. cit., pp. 33-40.
67. A. Schifrin, in Christian Sexuality: Normative and Pastoral Principles, R. Saltzman, ed. [Minneapolis, Kirk House, 2003], pp. 64, 71, note 13.
68. L. Lefsrud, Lutheran Forum, 38 (Summer 2004), p. 2
69. Gagnon, op. cit., p. 37.
70. Ibid., pp. 345-346.
71. K. Armstrong, The Battle for God [New York: Ballentine Books, 2000], p. 140.
72. Gagnon, op. cit., p. 484.
73. Ibid., p. 481.
74. C. S. Lewis, Mere Christianity [New York: Macmillan, 1953], p. 71.
75. Ibid., p. 81.
76. R. Niebanck,“The Doctrine of the Church Regarding Sexuality.” Lutheran Forum, 35 (Summer 2001).
77. Gagnon, op. cit., p. 75.
78. H. Chilstrom and L. Erdahl, Sexual Fulfillment for Single and Married, Straight and Gay, Young and Old [Minneapolis: Augsburg Fortress, 2001], pp. 106-108.
79. Gagnon, op. cit., p. 432.
80. D. Balch, op. cit., Text of lecture, “The Sacraments and Romans 1:26-27.” Handout provided at 2004 Wordalone conference and also on Wordalone.org.
81. Gagnon, op. cit., p. 33.
82. Gagnon, in Christian Sexuality, op. cit., p. 153, and Via and Gagnon, Homosexuality and the Bible, op. cit., pp. 264, 296, 424.
83. M. Strommen, The Church and Homosexuality, op. cit., p. 60.
84. Spitzer, op. cit., p. 413.
85. T. Stein, “Overview of Developments in Understanding Homosexuality,” Review of Psychiatry 12 (1993), p. 15.
86. D. Via and R. Gagnon. Homosexuality and the Bible. [Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2003], p. 37. Quotation of Dale Martin from “Arsenokoites and Malakos: Meanings and Consequences.” In Biblical Ethics and Homosexuality, ed. Robert Brawley [Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 1996], pp. 116-36.